Tinker vs. Des Moines.

One quiet day in the 1960’s 3 Des Moines students were wrongly punished for protesting the Vietnam War by wearing black arm bands to school. The school officials believed that the armbands would cause a huge disturbance and be a very big distraction to the student body. The students were then suspended. The student’s first amendment right had been violated. This right gives us the freedom of expression, to sum it all up, as long as others are not in danger. The staff was quick to punish these students, who were only exercising their rights. I believe that the students that were involved in this case did not deserve to be punished because; in wearing armbands, the petitioners were quiet and passive. They were not disruptive and did not interfere with the rights of others. Therefore, their conduct was within the protection of the Free Speech Clause of the First Amendment and the Due Process Clause of the Fourteenth. Also, â€Å"First Amendment rights are available to teachers and students, subject to application in light of the special characteristics of the school environment. † (http://caselaw. p. findlaw. com/scripts/getcase. pl? court=us&vol=393&invol=503) Also, I believe that they did not deserve to be punished because; under our Constitution, free speech is not a right that is given only to be so restricted that it exists in principle but not in reality. Freedom of expression would not truly exist if the right could be exercised only in an area that a charitable government has provided as a safe haven for cra ckpots! The Constitution says that Congress (or anyone else, for that matter) may not deprive anyone the right to free speech. You see, the thing is we properly read it to permit reasonable regulation of speech-connected activities in carefully restricted circumstances. But we do not confine the permissible exercise of First Amendment rights to a telephone booth or the four corners of a pamphlet. Lastly, I believe that students were wrongly treated because; â€Å"The constitutionality of the school authorities' action was on the ground that it was reasonable in order to prevent disturbance of school discipline. † (258 F. Supp. 971 1966). The court referred to but declined to follow the Fifth Circuit's holding in a similar case that, the wearing of symbols like the armbands cannot be prohibited unless it â€Å"materially and substantially interferes with the requirements of appropriate discipline in the operation of the school. † (Burnside v. Byars, 1966). In conclusion, The Students in this case were wrongly punished due to the fact that their first amendment right protected their freedom of expression. The pupils should not have been suspended just because of their difference in political views, and their courage to express them.

Work force Up-skilling

Organisations usually view its work force as their driving force. The work force is believed to be the determinant of how far the company will go in terms of achieving its objectives. Organisations usually formulate strategies aimed at upskilling this workforce. This is usually done through methods aimed at improving the skill possessed by its workers. Organisations usually formulate strategies, which are aimed at achieving their workforce level objectives (Argyris, 1976p. 34-56). Since the organisations are required to try and create a team that possess high skills the process of coming up with a workforce of higher skill need not be universally accepted. The companies are supposed to adopt a way of moving towards higher skill that fits its requirements (Terry, 1960p. 104-109). This method of creating a workforce of higher skill should be formulated the best way possible an organisation can manage considering its requirement in terms of organizational strategy (Torbert, W. 2004p. 41-42). Workforce structure. Work force in organisations is usually composed of two categories depending on the type of workers. These categories are: – (i) Skilled workers (ii) Unskilled workers Skilled workers refers to workers of organisations who are believed to possess qualities such as possession of a certain level of good education in their field of specialisation. The Skilled workers are also believed to have acquired experience in their fields of specialisation. Skilled workers are required to have other features that enable them to be termed as efficient in their duties. Examples of these features include good communication skills and also interpersonal skills which aid incase one has to work in a group. Skilled workers are also termed as having broad level of general knowledge which is a factor in efficiency in their duties. Examples of skilled workers include Mechanical engineers, doctors, management accountants, finance officers and also civil engineers. Unskilled workers are workers in organisations who do not need to have any educational (formal) background. These workers need not have any experience to get jobs in an organisation. Unskilled workers are believed to have no skill for the jobs they carry out for organisations. These are the workers in an organisation who are believed to be at the bottom under the consideration of the level of qualifications. Most of the employees who are unskilled in organisations include cleaners and also loaders in stores. According to statistical data in the UK the skilled workers usually get the task of seeking employment easy. This is because most of the employment vacancies available are skilled occupations. It has been found that out of every 1,000 skilled job seekers, 75% end up succeeding. The statistical data has also revealed that the organisations in the UK give better working conditions to the skilled employees. It has been found that this preference in terms of better working conditions to skilled workers is usually an attempt by the organisation to maintain skilled teams in their organisation. This is not the case with unskilled workers. These workers find it hard to get good working conditions in organisations (Bass, & Avolio1995p. 100-123). The reason deducted for this occurrence is the fact that unskilled workers are readily available and incase their turnover tends to be high, there is no actual loss to the organisation. Human resource management refers to the process of handling matters concerning work force in an organisation. Each organisation usually has a department overseeing the efficiency of its work force. The human resource management is done by application of various models such as the goal Management Model. This human resource management model emphasizes on the need for organisations to handle their human resource in a manner likely to lead to the goal achievement. In the even of workforce upskilling a company should create a team of higher skill through assessment of the company’s goals. The organisations should use strategies likely to incorporate the needs of the organisation in terms of employee level of skills. The organisation should apply a strategy based on the level of skills required in achieving given goals. Another example of these models is the Culture change Model this is a model in human resource management which emphasizes that organisation changes their culture (House, 2004p. 23-31), and therefore the employees / workers should be upskilled to match the changes. Kurt Levin developed this model. Open systems Model is another model, which emphasizes that the human resource in an organisation should be managed as per the open system concept. This concept views systems as units that exchange requirements. The model argues that in employee upskilling the organisations should be able to get new employees from outside but not just develop the existing workers (Lowman, 2002p. 54-61). This model gives an organization option of acquiring workers of higher skills. All the three models described above show that there is no generally accepted way of upskilling an organisation workforce. The models suggest that an organisation should adopt a movement, which will be in agreement with the events at the organisation. For example when the organisation is faced with a change in its organizational culture, Lewin’s human resource management model should be adopted. When an organisation finds out that it cannot get the level of skill in the current workforce the open system human resource management model should be adopted, or just develop the existing workers to the level required, a characteristic of the Path Goal leadership model. Organisations usually emphasise on employee development in the attempt to reach a higher skilled work force. Employee development refers to the process in which employees of an organisation are involved in training in the organisation. Employee development involves a programme whereby the employees participate in their own will, the employees schedule their learning hours, the content to be learned is usually extra of what the job training requires and the workers select the content to learn without the influence of the organisations. Most companies in the UK emphasize on employee development since it is believed to give higher skilled employee workforce. Some of the companies in the UK, which emphasize on employee development, include Siemens UK and also Roll Royce Cars. These companies give a given level of provision in terms of sponsorship for employee training in the employee. The personal development theory in employee development argues that workers should be in a position to enhance the programme of employee development. The workers are required to be willing and interested in developing as employees of a given organisation. The employee motivation theory argues that the organisations should put efforts in the process of employee development. The organisations efforts should be in the form of programmes likely to boost the morale of employees (Stacey, 1992p. 31-39). The Benziger theory also provides directions on the employee development programmes in an organisation. In the process of employee development the organisations can create programmes bearing in mind that workforce usually consist of skilled and unskilled workers. The organisations should create programmes likely to give formal education, experience, skills and also general knowledge to the unskilled workforce. This is likely going to improve the skill of employee team hence likelihood of a success towards organizational strategy. The organisations should create programmes which will enable the skilled workforce improve their efficiency and also make them acquire certain level of vital attributes such as confidence and self-initiative (Warneka, 2006p. 23-29). Employee development should be structured in a way likely to make the organizational strategy give desired results. The employee development should be done in a way likely to put all the levels of the work force at a higher level of skill (Burns, 1978p. 65-71). Organisations should not copy the programmes adopted by their competitors or other comparable organisations. Copying of employee development programmes would not help organisations in the process of up-skilling its workforce since it might not suit the organisation. The organisations should structure these programmes as per their workforce requirement bearing in mind that the best workforce is that which is at a higher level in terms of suitability to a specific organization. Conclusion. Organizations should try as much as possible to avoid the perception that, workforce up-skilling is standardised (Heifetz, 1994p. 12-19). Organizations should formulate organizational strategies aimed at effective teams’ suited to the needs of specific company. The above is only possible if the right human resource models are applied and practiced.

Synthesis paper Term Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1750 words

Synthesis - Term Paper Example Taking this course has enabled me to fully appreciate the various facets of leadership and to realize that leadership is an art in itself. The 9100 class required me to participate in a leadership simulation program online. I assumed two main roles: a state representative in economic development to head of funds distribution. Being in the economic development board, I was exposed to the myriad of challenges one faces when he or she has been granted the power and authority to make decisions. Before taking the course, I, like many other people, used to avoid discussing power since each one has a different opinion about it. However by this course, I came to understand that it is the trait which distinguishes leaders from followers and using it the right way is a very challenging task. This course has equipped me with the necessary qualities needed to be a good leader by making me work my way through problem-based experiences. In this paper, I will reflect upon how the leadership simulat ion course has helped me develop leadership traits and how the concepts of leadership apply to my experiences and learning. Being a member of the economic development board in the leadership simulation program allowed me to develop and hone my leadership skills. The program was a platform for me to come across the experiences that senior leaders face in their respective disciplines. By assuming a placement position in the economic department, I was exposed to the brunt of real responsibilities. The various skills that the simulation experience honed included better communication ability, making decisions in the spur of the moment as well as putting them to the test of thoughts and brainstorming, solving conflicts that may arise in the course of activities and performing other responsibilities of a board member. Being a simulated board member also opened the opportunity to interact with my peers and to work as a team. I realized the importance of team work and the importance of each and every member in interprofessional teams. This not only helped me to direct the decisions taken towards the optimal performance of the board but also to develop value-generating strategies which served to improve the efficiency of the processes. In the program, I came to identify my leadership style and to create a leadership plan2. The leadership program helped me to make my way through the problem-based scenarios in an organized and structured way. I was given different situations. In one such situation, being a member of the economic development board, I was required to evaluate the feasibility of a funding proposal. A lump sum of $1 million was proposed to be given to an economic development group, over a course of three years. My job was to investigate and decide whether the investment was worth it and if it contributed towards the betterment of the community as a whole. $1 million is a lot of money and in order to make such a decision, I had to evaluate the aims of the econ omic development group in detail. The situation allowed me to further upon my accounting skills and to weigh the profits against the possible losses. Discussing the situation with other board members allowed to me to diversify my communication and negotiation skills and to use the collective opinion in making a decision which is for the greater good of the community. Moreover, since I had a senior role and the amount of money being invested was large, my responsibility of keeping an

Site layout on a confined site Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 2000 words

Site layout on a confined site - Essay Example The problem comes in the implementation. It is less often technical difficulties that delay a project, the project manager must know his business, and hire crews that understand the mechanics of their individual specialties. The problem often arises in the organization. In many cases, it is managerial issues that trigger challenges at the construction site more than some sort of technical failure. If management is the problem, then a novel strategy becomes the most probable solution. There are a wide range of problems and challenges that can afflict the construction site; these issues - in addition to hands-on management strategies to alleviate them will be discussed at length. The problems include variations on managerial and logistical issues concerning cost overruns, scheduling delays, with the potential to compound each other. This article will develop the hypothesis that the major problems at the construction site represent failures of planning. Where planning is insufficient, t here are a series of likely problems afflicting the job site that will be explored in greater detail. In some cases, construction equipment or building material may be misappropriated or moved to incorrect or undocumented locations. In some cases, allocation errors may lead to the correct material or equipment slated for locations with insufficient space. Moreover, temporary locations can be inefficiently positioned based on their intended function. Large-scale operational issues may also arise in industrialized countries, especially Australia as a result of environmental concerns. These challenges will be developed in the following section. These issues represent failures in regards to site layout planning. A well reasoned and detailed plan taking into account the realities of the job site represents both the cause of – and the solution to these issues of material organization represents effective management in the context of implementation and preparation (Neszmelyi & Vatta i, 2013). The planning of the construction site represents the initial critical path with the potential to influence all subsequent stages. Layout planning and design must include size calculations, identification of boundaries, and an estimation of workers requirements and accessibility. Management must anticipate when and under what circumstances workers will need to access another portion of the site, and structure various resources within the closest possible proximity to those most likely to require them. An often indispensable component of the busy construction site are temporary facilities (Elbeltagi & Hegazy, 2005). Temporary facilities for the purposes of construction represent a variety of forms and purposes, but the overall goal is to place within reasonable proximity whatever resources and services are likely to be needed in the practical environment of construction. The problems of resource proximity for construction crews cannot be fully addressed without some temporar y facilities, and well reasoned management decisions concerning the placement of such facilities. Some temporary structures will be used for simple warehousing, but others will include machine shops use for maintenance, or the fabrication of equipment, temporary residences for the Foreman and certain workers, as well as lay down areas. These areas require planning and forethought just as the building itself does; it is not enough to simply plan out how to build the building, an

IAM Application Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 6750 words

IAM Application - Essay Example This is very crucial when the end user wants to make payments using his or her online payments methods. With iAM, the user will be guaranteed making secure payments because the user is authorized with his identity and he can easily interact with the application at ensuring that all factors are taken into consideration that allow only the right access. With the advancements in technology in different sectors, iAM application has proved to be essential and used in allowing keyless access to homes, office, parking, cars as well as the ability of igniting engines. Using this application, users are able to access their facilities, equipments without using keys or any other device. It allows for individuals access without using gadgets as it brings on board features that allow the individual or a group of users to get access. What an individual needs is to stay at some distance and allow the application to detect the user. Other essential functions of this application are that it stores pa sswords for login into websites and credit card information. This will improve the security as well as promote the recovery of passwords without the end-user undergoing much wastage of time. Similarly, the stored of passwords allows the user to save on time as one logins to sites which may be demanding and time consuming. The encryption of data is also important as it uses a language that only the user is able to understand hence keeping away imposers. As a result of this, there is high security of the information which are used in the access management. Additionally, the support of cloud services is important, as iAM application is able to store more information that can be retrieved at any timer an individual wishes. It also has data backups as well as increased security, as cloud services are effective in reducing time wastage and in promoting data recovery. Near Field Communications (NFC) Near field communication (NFC) is defined as a set of standards which are used by smartphon es in establishing radio communications between two gadgets through touching them or bringing them together on a closer distance. The recent technological advancements marked by increased developments of paying methods and electronic payments, near field communication have proved its effectiveness in facilitating payment options. Users who have this application on their Smartphone can find it easy in replacing and choosing alternatives on through these applications. For instance, consumers with Smartphone that supports this application can replace the use of debit and credit cards with electronic wallet. Near Field Communication works in a close or short range to enable it define the set standards. Therefore, it requires the user to stay closer to enable to radio communication between the two sets. It also works with low power wireless link that allows it to detect the gadgets that are communicating. Through this application, it is able to detect and allow access of the user or deny the user depending with the applications that are applied. Near Field Communication is used in various platforms beyond just making payment transactions. One of its functions is to allow access through providing electronic identity and physical access control. Through this, it is able to permit only the authorized personnel in accessing a facility and locking or barring those not authorized. This works through allowing those who have the identity to have the access while denying access as it is not able to detect those who do

BULLYING AND THE EFFECTS IT HAS ON OUR CHILDREN Assignment

BULLYING AND THE EFFECTS IT HAS ON OUR CHILDREN - Assignment Example Almost one in every five, students in normal classrooms, in one way or the other, experiences bullying, which has detrimental effects and leads those being bullied to take drastic measures, including murder and/or suicide. Bullying has consequences for the children being bullied, those perpetrating the bullying, for the bystanders who watch the bullying happening, and for the entire school climate and culture. Bullying portends both long and short-term damage for the victims (Voors, 2010). They suffer from mental health issues like; low self-esteem, fear, depression, and shame, as well as physical problems like wounds and bruises from the bullying, bed-wetting, disruptions in sleep pattern, and psychosomatic aches. Depression suffered by victims of bullying can both be long term and acute, of which the latter results in the children being constantly withdrawn and sad. Physical symptoms like; upset stomach, headaches, and stomach-aches are also common effects of the vice, while they are also afraid of talking the school bus as they feel they could have to face the bully in a confined space. Victims of bullying also have social difficulties, such as inaccurate social perceptions, isolation, and skills. In addition, they will also suffer within the school setting, especially with regards to school violence, absenteeism, poor performance in academics, poor concentration, and breakdown in inte rconnectedness with the rest of the school. Finally, their social interactions are also affected, as they are more likely to engage in crime, violence, gang membership, and drug abuse (Voors, 2010). The victims suffer problems associated with bullying into their adult life, including posttraumatic psychological disorders and self-destructive behaviour. In addition, they feel anxious and stressed if they have to attend gatherings with their fellow peers. Bullying also has effects on its perpetrators with children who constantly bully others more

INTRODUCTION TO ACCOUNTING Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 2000 words

INTRODUCTION TO ACCOUNTING - Essay Example This common set of recognized accounting standards are collectively known as Generally Accepted Accounting Principles (GAAP).These standards provide information in how to properly communicate economic events or transactions (Investorwords, 2011). The conceptual framework of accounting provides the required information and guidelines regarding the objectives of financial reporting, the qualitative characteristics of financial information, operating guidelines and composition and required elements of financial statements. According to Financial Accounting Standards Board (FASB) the goals of financial reporting are to provide information that: Its useful for making investment and credit decisions Is helpful in assessing the value of future cash flows Identifies assets, liabilities and serves to identify changes in those resources and claims (Obaidat, 2007). In order to make financial information useful there are certain qualitative characteristics that all accounting information must po sses to prove useful in the decision making posses. These characteristics are (Cliffnotes, 2011): 1. Relevance-the accounting information provided to the user must make a difference in their decision making. Relevant financial information has to provide either predictive value, provide feedback value or both. Predictive value helps the user forecast future events, such as predicting future stock valuation or future earnings. Information that provides feedback value focuses on confirming or corrects prior information or assumptions . In order for information to be relevant it must be provided in a timely manner so it can provide the right information and at the correct timeframe where it can help guide the decision making process. 2. Reliability-It is expected that financial information must be free of material errors or persona bias. In order to be reliable the information provided must be verifiable, in order to prove that it is free from material errors or bias. As an additional r equirement the substance of the information provided must be a faithful representation of the economic events which it summarizes. The last prerequisite of reliable information must be neutral or free of bias. 3. Comparability-the usefulness of financial information is maximized when it can be compared with similar accounting information of other businesses or enterprises. This comparability can only be achieved when the different companies adopt the same accounting principles. In general comparability extends to all accounting not to only financial statements but to all accounting procedures such as costing, inventory and expense recognition. Since there are variations in GAAP and procedures that can be utilized the company must fully disclose the accounting methods used for the recording of financial events or transactions. 4. Consistency-The principle of consistency simply means that a company must use the same accounting principles and methodology from year to year. If a company decides to change any of its accounting practices and adopts a new method, it is the responsibility of management to prove that the new method provides a more accurate or meaningful representation of the financial information. There are a series of operating constrains and guidelines that serve as the foundation to any financial account. These guidelines are classified as assumptions, principles and constraints (Investorwords, 2011).

Types of Research Methods Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1500 words - 1

Types of Research Methods - Essay Example The paper tells that the factors that govern the methodology employed include; subtype of research necessary, subject selection for the research study, a decision on how to sample, a possibility of a pilot study to ensure the validity of the process through various research methods. Singh agrees that central to literature, research methodology is the type of research to be undertaken. There are two key types of research. They are qualitative research and quantitative research. Research methodology is dependent on these two factors. Qualitative research seeks to investigate intangible aspects of literature; especially about emotions, meanings, and descriptions. The intangibles under investigation are values, beliefs or ideas. Quantitative research seeks to verify existing explanations, regarding etiological aspects of a story, through measurement of variables. When reporting a researcher applies a number of research methods that are specific to certain techniques of research. The type s of research methods applicable include observation, survey, contact method and experimental method. Each of these methods has strengths and limitations. In essence, to indulge inaccurate data collection, one needs to be aware of the said aspects of the data collection methods to make the necessary adjustments to the data that result whenever warranted. This refers to the research method that employs the use of researcher’s eyes, watching the study area to gather information. Data collected by observation is primary data. The data collected is complete since the researcher knows what he is looking for when he goes to the field to observe. The research techniques influence the subtypes of the observation method that will be applicable. The first subtype is the structured observation. This is the main subtype employed for descriptive purposes of observation. Unstructured observation, on the other hand, is employed with a view of formulating explanations to a research question and validating it given hypothesis or otherwise.

Template communication plan strategy for Nissan Motor Assignment

Template communication plan strategy for Nissan Motor - Assignment Example To achieve the company’s goal, Nissan Company need educate its customers so that they can alter their attitude and behavior to the benefits of the company needs of selling more automotive while still engages with its stakeholders. Tertiary audiences affect and influence the communication of the company to the customers and its shareholders. The Nissan competitors would want to know how the company is strategizing for the market so they can also make changes to their company’s strategies. Therefore, any decision that Nissan have to communicate to its customers and shareholders has to consideration of the effects it has on its competitors such as Toyota (Audience Strategy for All Professional Business Communication ). Nissan has one of the most valuable customers among the automotive manufacturing companies. They devout their life using Nissan made vehicles and other automobile products because they get the best products and services from the company. Nissan surprised one of their loyal customer, a Canadian woman, Ms. Karen Ackroyd with a new 2015 Nissan Micra (Nissan Motor Corporation, 2014a). This was as a result of her good perception toward attitude toward the company’s products. Therefore as demonstrated by Ackroyd, Nissan customers are engaged and respond to company’s communications. One of the main barriers to customer communication is the lack of sensitivity. The customer may be affected by another issue that may make him or her nonresponsive (Barriers to Effective Communication). Moreover, physical destructions such as a network problem, noise and bad formatting for email break down communication. Shareholders are the sensitive people to communicate to because they are keen on making return on their investment. Therefore, they take into account whatever is communicated with uttermost precaution. The lack of proper knowledge of